C++ · Beginner level

Beginner level · Module 2 of 5 · 11 guided hours

Control Flow and Functions in C++

Make decisions and repeat work, then organise code into functions with value, reference and const reference parameters.

Learning objectives

  • Use if/else, switch and loops correctly
  • Write functions with parameters and return values
  • Choose between pass by value, reference and const reference

Topics

  • if/else and switch
  • for, while, do-while and range-based for
  • functions and declarations
  • pass by value vs reference
  • const reference
  • function overloading

Lessons

  1. Lesson 1 Decisions and Loops

    Control what runs with if/else and switch, and repeat work with for, while and do-while loops.

    if / else if / elseswitchfor and whileinfinite loop

  2. Lesson 2 Writing Functions

    Break programs into functions, declare them before use and return results.

    function definitiondeclaration (prototype)return typeoverloading

  3. Lesson 3 Passing by Value, Reference and const Reference

    Understand how arguments are passed and choose the right form for speed and safety.

    pass by valuereference parameter (&)const referencecopy cost

Practical activity

Build a school fee tracker that loops over students' payments and uses functions to classify each balance and total the arrears.

Expected outcomes

  • Correct, readable control flow
  • Programs organised into small functions

Assessment

Practical test with provided inputs: complete functions for classification and totals; marked on correctness and parameter choices.

Free taster lesson Control Flow & Functions Read a free self-study lesson on this topic in the Free Course Library.

Taught live by an instructor — online or in person. Free course lessons are for self-study and do not lead to a certificate — see registration options.